WHODRL, IMT & ICD

WHODRUG

The WHO Drug Dictionary is a computer register containing information on all drugs mentioned on adverse reaction reports submitted by countries participating in the WHO International Drug Monitoring Programme from 1968 onwards. This makes the WHO Drug Dictionary a unique source of drug names from all major pharmaceutical markets - of both single and multiple ingredient drug.

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INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY (IMT)

The International Medical Terminology (IMT) is a medical terminology designed to support the classification, retrieval, presentation, and communication of medical information throughout the medical product regulatory cycle. The foundation of the IMT is the Medical Dictionary for Drug Regulatory Affairs (MEDDRA) developed by the UK Medicines Control Agency (MCA) in its Adverse Drug Reactions On-line Information Tracking System (ADROIT).
Included in the IMT are terms describing diseases, diagnoses, signs, symptoms, therapeutic indication names, and qualitative results of investigations (such as laboratory tests, radiological studies), medical and surgical procedures, and terms describing medical, social, and family history. The IMT consists of a five level hierarchy, starting with 26 System Organ Classes (SOCs), that represent the highest level groupings of the terminology. Including all levels, it contains approximately 40,000 terms. The Preferred Term (PT) is the internationally agreed upon level at which regulatory information is to be exchanged. The IMT contains approximately 8,800 Preferred Terms.

INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES (ICD)

The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is the archetypal coding system for medical record abstraction. It origin is traced to the International List of Causes of Deaths, adopted in 1893 by the International Statistical Institute. The classification has been revised at (approximately) ten-yearly intervals. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has undertaken their maintenance and updating since 1948. Its scope was then extended to include non-fatal conditions. Subsequent revisions have enhanced its usefulness for morbidity applications.
The Ninth Edition (ICD-9) was published in 1977 and the Tenth Edition in 1992.
After the publication of ICD-9, some problems were detected. The United States National Centre for Health Statistics published a set of "clinical modifications" to ICD-9 known as ICD-9 CM. Many countries for a number of purposes have adopted the ICD-9-CM, widely accepted and used in the healthcare industry,: data collection, quality of care analyses, resource utilisation, research and reimbursement, and statistical reporting.